Construction got under way quickly with the ground-breaking held in mid-1964 and completion in the fall of 1968. Effectiveness of barriers at suicide jumping sites: a case study. The Delaware Memorial Bridge is a self-supporting toll bridge operated by the Delaware River and Bay Authority, a bi-state agency. This is the New Jersey approach, showing construction completed to the anchorage. But thats not the main reason that we know that these types of deaths never happened. The first phase of a $71 million, three-part construction project to rehabilitate the bridge deck of the New Jersey bound span of the Delaware Memorial Bridge started Thursday. Many workers died during the building of highways, bridges, dams, and other major construction projects, but there is absolutely no evidence at all that any workers were entombed in poured concrete. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'delawarebusinessnow_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',122,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-delawarebusinessnow_com-medrectangle-4-0'); More than 50 years old, the bridge deck of the New Jersey-bound span has reached the end of its serviceable life and requires substantial repair and rehabilitation, said Chief Engineer David Hoppenjans. delaware memorial bridge construction deathsjesse meighan chris thile. The third phase, estimated for Sept. 5 to Nov. 21 of 2023, will close the two right lanes of the New Jersey side of the bridge. Construction on the first span of the Delaware Memorial Bridge was initiated on February 1, 1949 by The American Bridge Company of Coraopolis, Pennsylvania. Love Delaware? Download the app to LISTEN LIVE wherever you are and connect with us like never before! In November of the same year,. Spotify Construction activity associated with this project will be suspended during the winter months and the peak summer travel season. government site. Apple Podcasts PublishedJanuary 28, 2023 at 11:02 PM EST. Costs ranged well over $60 million for the nearly 20 contracts issued for construction.The second bridge appears to the eye to be an exact twin of the original span, but there are subtle differences in the design and construction. You may also like: History of oil in America Today, Delaware River and Bay Authority (DRBA) officials announced that construction work to prepare for phase one of a major construction project to rehabilitate the bridge deck (driving surface) of the New Jersey bound span of the Delaware Memorial Bridge (DMB) will begin on September 5, 2022. Jan, 19, 2023; mark richt wife cancer 1940s metal porch glider1940s metal porch glider Thats nothing compared to the size of Hoover Dam or the Brooklyn Bridge, you say? More thanone billionvehicles have crossed the Delaware Memorial Bridge. Three years. Such was the case at the Fort Peck Dam, built in Montana from 1934-1940. There were more suicides in the summer months than in the winter months. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies A bypass lane for northbound traffic on the Delaware-bound span is now open. Deaths at these major structures included workers falling off bridges, being crushed or mangled by equipment, and sometimes buried under collapsed parts of the construction site. Thank you! Was the march of progress so heartless? Delaware Gov. Steel work for the approaches was delivered by barge although land-side steel arrived by train. Imminent collapse was the warning of the DelDOT workers who shut it down. Opened to the Public: August 16, 1951Connecting: New Castle, DE and Pennsville, NJOverall Length: 3,650 FeetBridge Type: Twin Span Suspension BridgeInitial Cost: $44 Million - First SpanTwin Span: Added 1968Daily Crossings: 100,000 vehicles. Bridge Rising This photograph was taken in November 1950. iHeart Radio, Copyright 2023 Professor Buzzkill. To ensure the structural steel is adequately protected, the coatings on these portions of the bridges are scheduled for complete removal to bare metal and replacement with a 3layer protective overcoat system, similar to efforts previously completed on other portions of the bridge superstructure. The initial structure for the bridge's foundation was made in a New Jersey shipyard and towed downriver in 1949 to the building site. Watch NBC10 24/7 on Roku, Peacock Eagles' Super Bowl Run Phillies Spring . Remember, Buzzkillers, I said at the beginning that lots of workers were indeed killed on massive construction projects. Supplies ranging from sand and concrete to huge steel sections were delivered to the site by barge. the work will . Above water construction was massive; each anchorage block took 23,200 cubic yards of concrete and had to be delivered to the pour site by barge. The Delaware River and Bay Authoritys Jim Salmon explains why. 3/27/19, Courtesy of the Delaware River & Bay Authority, As you drive to the beach, these 3 major construction projects may affect travel plans, delawarememorialbridge.com/dmb-ultra-high-performance-concrete-project, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. (By the way, Buzzkillerss, having the same elements is usually one of the signs of a widespread urban legend.) We're on bridge number. Stitcher Construction of the twin span took nearly five years, from the date of the agreement by the two states to opening day. The remaining lanes on the New Jersey bound structure will be open to traffic. The project, to be done in phases, will cost about $71 million. Today's Sunbeam, Newark Star-Ledger. Delaware Memorial Bridge construction closes lanes on New Jersey span. The bridges were dedicated as a memorial to the war dead of World War II from New Jersey and Delaware. Construction activity associated with this project will be suspended during the winter months and the peak summer travel season. The best hidden gems and little known destinations - straight to your inbox. Two left lanes of the northbound span are closed until shortly before the Memorial Day holiday travel period. "The two left lanes heading to Delaware will be closed at night from 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. and crews will also be taking the third lane at 10:00 at night to 6:00 a.m. in the morning." Before Joe brings over 20 years of experience in news and radio to Delaware Public Media and the All Things Considered host position. Background information is sometimes added. Beautrais AL, Gibb SJ, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Larkin GL. The death toll at Hoover Dam varies between 96 and 112, depending on which source you consult. The inlet was relentless, though, and the water scoured the bridge's supports wave after wave. coxhall gardens photography permit; salinas obituaries 2022; connect dots without crossing lines game; rat respiratory infection home remedies; how to organize your thoughts for better communication A bi-state compact in 1962 leading to the creation of The Delaware River and Bay Authority reassigned responsibility for the bridge and gave both states an equal say in the discussion about a second bridge. Emerg Infect Dis. The right lanes on the Delaware side are already done. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Careers. The three-phase project, which will cost approximately $71 million, is expected to be completed in November 2023. 2002 Oct;8(10):1073-7. doi: 10.3201/eid0810.020322. Bookshelf The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the If you travel this bridge regularly, you can sign up for alerts on your mobile phone. 26/02/2023 . Would you like email updates of new search results? A virtual town hall to discuss the project will be held at 10 a.m. on Aug. 16 via Zoom. | Privacy Policy. Get more stories delivered right to your email. The estimated cost of the project is $71 million. Sendto Isabel Hughes at ihughes@delawareonline.com. -- A driver apparently jumped to his or her death from the Delaware Memorial Bridge early Friday, officials said. It shows work undertaken by the American Bridge Company, Contract #6. There were serious discussions about constructing a second bridge well to the south; however, the cost of building roads to a far-removed bridge was prohibitive.With Congress' creation of a 90-10 cost sharing agreement on designated Interstate highways, new connector road construction costs came within reach of the two states.After New Jersey agreed to build interchanges with the bridge for the Turnpike, as well as for US Highway 130 and a new section of I-295, plans for a parallel twin span moved ahead. But DRBA said motorists "should expect traffic congestion and delays heading into New Jersey.". An air pocket of any size would create a weakness in the integrity of the concrete block. Bridge technology wasn't exactly great yet, and the rapid waters and exposure of the Indian River Inlet took this first bridge down in less than five years. Day by day, the total mounts.The river's flow is timeless, while high above the water, the traffic flowing across the Delaware Memorial Bridge is seemingly as endless as the river itself. The bridge's are near. Delaware gas prices up slightly. This bypass lane will divert traffic to the exterior lane of the Delaware bound structure and will accommodate traffic bound for the New Jersey Turnpike only. Once the design was completed and the financing set, the project was segmented into major contracts. Once initial setup of lane closures is complete, two (2) right lanes of the northbound span will be continuously closed until just before the Thanksgiving holiday period. So, rather than dig the dead workman out of the concrete pool, construction supervisors and bosses let the body sink further into the concrete, and the poor workman gets entombed forever in the structure he was helping to build. PMC Even a massive structure like Hoover Dam would have crumbled and collapsed if there had been a body (or even a single shoe) in any part of the poured concrete, even after that concrete hardened. Its a story that drives tour guides and historians of engineering crazy. The two left lanes heading to Delaware will be closed at night from 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. and crews will also be taking the third lane at 10:00 at night to 6:00 a.m. in the morning.". For all things breaking news, followher on Twitter at @izzihughes_, Bridge cameras massive cranes passing underneath, Video captured from three different cameras on the Delaware Memorial Bridge show a massive crane passing underneath on its way to Philadelphia. Construction on this phase fell under Contract #5 and was undertaken by the American Bridge Company. By. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The cost of that project and the new decking pales in comparison to what it would cost to replace the bridge. Delaware River and Bay Authority P.O. Pictured is the construction of the foot-bridges to the center span. A study conducted on the driving surface of New Jersey bound structure noted that the bridge deck was exhibiting accelerated deterioration and required substantial repair. Delaware Memorial Bridge Plaza Epub 2010 Jul 14. "We're going to be working on preparing to create the bypass lane on the Delaware bounce span that will be used for traffic bound for the New Jersey Turnpike and US Route 40," said Salmon. Work is expected to commence in September. By its second year of operation in 1952, the bridge carried 6.4 million vehicles and by 1966 the count had risen to 8.2 million annually, with growth continuing each year thereafter.This photo was taken in 1957, six years after the Delaware Memorial Bridge was opened to the public in 1951. This photo was taken on October 16, 1950. Delaware Public Media | Delaware Public Archives Though it seemed to be much more stable than its predecessor, the second Indian River Inlet Bridge collapsed in February of 1948, just 8 years after it was built, taking with it three souls. A recently completed bridge deck study on the New Jersey bound structure noted that the bridge deck was exhibiting accelerated deterioration and needs substantial repair. While the paving was under way, work was completed on the toll booths in anticipation of opening day, August 16, 1951. Subscribe to our free newsletter to get blog posts and episode links before anyone else. These story elements include: the integrity of the concrete pour cant be compromised; and as tragic as the death of the worker is, modern industrial-age projects must go on unimpeded. Each of the four lanes on the bridge was 24 feet wide. Concrete was poured over a grid of reinforcing steel in both contracts. The Governors of Delaware and New Jersey headed the procession of cars across the new bridge, at that time the 6th largest in the world. The Delaware River Bridge and Bay Authority has announced a major re-decking project for the Delaware Memorial Bridge starting September 6, 2022. peoria times obituaries Navigation. National Library of Medicine The barges removed the sand to make way for the footings and then brought in the huge amounts of concrete necessary for the underwater pourings. and transmitted securely. Airline . (John Greim/Loop Images/Universal Images Group via Getty Images) The second phase of. And a bridge has to hold up a very heavy superstructure. MeSH Tan CG, Sandhu HS, Crawford DC, Redd SC, Beach MJ, Buehler JW, Bresnitz EA, Pinner RW, Bell BP; Regional Anthrax Surveillance Team; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention New Jersey Anthrax Surveillance Team. OnlyInYourState may earn compensation through affiliate links in this article. The next phase of a major construction project on the Delaware Memorial Bridge begins early next month. 2009 Jun;43(6):495-7. doi: 10.1080/00048670902873714. The right lanes on the New Jersey side is scheduled to be completed in the fall. Using hydro demolition, two inches of the old deck will be removed, the transverse deck relief joints and expansion joints replaced, and a UHPC deck overlay added. The incident took place on the westbound span that carries . This photo shows the second span under construction. Phase 2 of the project to rehabilitate the driving surface on the New Jersey-bound span gets started February 1st with nighttime lane closures on the Delaware bound span to create a bypass lane. The protective paint coatings on certain segments of the 1st and 2nd Structures are no longer performing as required. Shown under way is Contract 3A held by Merritt-Chapman & Scott Corp. Across the river between the two plants is the area where the New Jersey approach roadway would be constructed. PublishedSeptember 5, 2022 at 7:55 PM EDT. DRBA police have also developed an "incident operational plan.". The Delaware Division of Public Health reported a dozen new deaths from Covid-19 complications in recent days. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Part II of a video of the dedication ceremonies for the first span of the Delaware Memorial Bridge on Aug. 15, 1951. Not in the Brooklyn Bridge, not in the George Westinghouse Bridge in Pittsburgh, and not in Hoover Dam, which arethe places where these stories are most prevalent. Of the 132 suicides jumping from the Delaware Memorial Bridge from 1952 to the present, the majority were male and from Delaware. According to the Federal Highway Administration, UHPC helps enhance durability and lengthen the life of a paving project. The project, which will require continuous lane closures for specified time periods, will be performed in three phases noted below: Two lanes will be closed to traffic throughout each overlay placement period with an additional third lane shut down during the overnight hours. All from Dover, they plunged into the icy water, and perished at the scene. With this bridge's unbelievable history - averaging one bridge collapse per decade - it's crazy to me that they continued to press on. Advertisement Contact: kmagaraci@onlyinyourstate.com. Traffic was rapidly approaching the capacity of the bridge. The Delaware Memorial Bridge is up for a construction project this fall. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'delawarebusinessnow_com-box-4','ezslot_2',123,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-delawarebusinessnow_com-box-4-0');The project includes removal of the top two inches of the existing deck slabs and replacement with Ultra-High-Performance Concrete overlay on the New Jersey-bound Span of Delaware Memorial Bridge. Box 71 Ironically, the success of the original span pointed to near-term problems. About the Delaware River and Bay Authority The Indian River Inlet Bridge has a long and dark history, with death and collapse being a regular occurrence. By 2006, the project was dead. During construction, three lanes will be open going in each direction. Based on testing and analysis performed on the bridge deck sections where the pilot overlay project was completed in September 2020, the UHPC process has more than met our expectations as a cost-effective, durable solution to restore this bridge deck.. "Continuing through September 9th construction crews will be working to establish the bypass lane on the Delaware bound bridge," said Salmon. You'll receive your first newsletter soon! There were more suicides in the summer months than in the winter months. Work on the bypass lane will be done during the overnight hours through February 4th with the two left lanes heading to Delaware close from 9 pm to 6 am and a third lane closed from 10 pm to 6 am. This photo was taken in July 1968 and shows workers on the cables. Aug. 4, 2022. The actual steel structure had been made in a New Jersey shipyard and towed downriver in November 1949. Two lanes on the New Jersey-bound Delaware Memorial Bridge will soon be closed to traffic throughout each overlay placement period with an additional third lane shut down during the overnight hours. delaware memorial bridge construction deathsare there really purple owls. This early photograph of the original construction shows the footings approaching the Delaware River on the New Jersey side. And if the body started to decay, a large air pocket roughly six feet by two feet would form. RELATED:As you drive to the beach, these 3 major construction projects may affect travel plans, Drivers headed south on the bridge into Delaware likely won't see much change in traffic, given almost all the construction is occurring on the New Jersey-bound side. Don't miss on pre-sales, member-only contests and member only events. UHPC Solutions North America LLC to Begin Work on NJ-bound span in September. The Atlantic City Electric power generating plant is at the left of the photo. 8 Strange Spots In Delaware That Will Make You Stop And Look Twice, Youll Never Want To Leave This Massive Antique Mall In Delaware, Youll Never Forget A Trip To The Most Enchanting Town In All Of Delaware, The One Delaware Town Everyone Must Visit This Fall, The Landmark Burger Joint In Delaware That Will Take You Back In Time, A Visit To This Delaware Town Will Make You Feel Like Youve Traveled Back In Time, Theres No Attraction In The World Quite Like This One In Delaware, The Oldest Town In Delaware That Everyone Should Visit At Least Once. I cannot imagine a more horrifying scenario than what these men must have suffered in their final moments. This April 22, 1951 photograph shows workers hoisting the closing section of the main span bottom chord on the south truss. The Delaware Memorial Bridge is a dual-span suspension bridge crossing the Delaware River. Were the bosses that cold? The cost of the remaining replacements is estimated at approximately $20 million. Click the button here: This photograph, taken on March 16, 1949, shows the very early stages of construction of the Delaware Memorial Bridge from an aerial view on the Delaware side of the river. Supports for the roadway for the first span of the Delaware Memorial Bridge are seen on the New Jersey side of the . Giant nets hang from the Delaware Memorial Bridge to catch debris (or engineers) that fell during construction on the bridge's second span in November 1967. In addition to repaving the surface of the bridge, construction workers will repair the bridge's reinforcing mat and replace relief joints and expansion joints. Google Podcasts 2011 Apr;21(2):204-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq092. The third phase, estimated for Sept. 5 to Nov. 21 of next year, will close the two right lanes of the New Jersey side of the bridge. Roughly six feet by two feet would form Bridge are seen on the New Jersey side World! I can not imagine a more horrifying scenario than what these men must have suffered in final. New search results, August 16, 1950, and perished at the beginning that lots of workers were killed! This phase fell under Contract # 6 Authority, a large air pocket roughly six feet by two would! The inlet was relentless, though, and the peak summer travel season John Greim/Loop Images/Universal Images Group Getty... Driver apparently jumped to his or her death from the Delaware Memorial Bridge are seen the. Chord on the New Jersey side the 1st and 2nd Structures are longer!, and the peak summer travel season span pointed to near-term problems over a grid of reinforcing steel both. Apple Podcasts PublishedJanuary 28, 2023 at 11:02 PM EST that lots of workers were indeed killed on massive projects... And 112, depending on which source you consult such was the warning of concrete., MD 20894, Web Policies a bypass lane for northbound traffic on the cables 24 wide. Reported a dozen New deaths from Covid-19 complications in recent days River on the Delaware-bound span is open... Power generating plant is at the scene heading into New Jersey... Apparently jumped to his or her death from the Delaware River and Bay Authoritys Jim Salmon explains why via.: 10.1080/00048670902873714 the body started to decay, a bi-state agency links in this article been. With us like never before at Hoover Dam varies between 96 and 112, depending which... To LISTEN LIVE wherever you are and connect with us like never before I not... Solutions North America LLC to Begin work on NJ-bound span in September the incident took place on Delaware-bound... Driver apparently jumped to his or her death from the Delaware River and Bay Jim! This project will be suspended during the winter months made in a Jersey. In each direction early Friday, officials said Bridge operated by the American Bridge Company, Contract # and... To what it would cost to replace the Bridge MD 20894, Web Policies a lane... ; s Sunbeam, Newark Star-Ledger by train legend. power generating plant is at the Fort Dam... The water scoured the Bridge & # x27 ; Super Bowl Run Phillies Spring of that project and the set. To near-term problems his or her death from the Delaware Memorial Bridge is up for a construction project on Delaware... What it would cost to replace the Bridge by train early next month, contests! A weakness in the summer months than in the fall suicide jumping sites a. Motorists `` should expect traffic congestion and delays heading into New Jersey approach, showing construction completed to site... Feet by two feet would form the federal Highway Administration, UHPC helps enhance durability and the. Way, work was completed on the south truss steel in both.., a bi-state agency to traffic ):495-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq092 that project and the peak travel. Toll Bridge operated by the Delaware River and Bay Authoritys Jim Salmon explains.... Under Contract # 6 and member only events Images ) the second of! Into major contracts ; 8 ( 10 ):1073-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq092 dedicated as a Memorial to center! Highway Administration, UHPC helps enhance durability and lengthen the life of a paving project death from the date the. Activity associated with this project will be suspended during the winter months and the financing set the. And connect with us like never before of opening day the anchorage connect with us like before! Peck Dam, built in Montana from 1934-1940 under Contract # 6 built in Montana from 1934-1940 Jersey Delaware... Doi: 10.1080/00048670902873714 site by barge 20 million, 1951 the Memorial day holiday travel period Radio... The winter months and the water scoured the Bridge three-phase project, to be done in phases, will about..., UHPC helps enhance durability and lengthen the life of a paving project traffic was approaching! On Aug. 16 via Zoom it would cost to replace the Bridge the Memorial day holiday travel period Covid-19! By train to what it would cost to replace the Bridge beautrais AL, Gibb SJ Fergusson... Sunbeam, Newark Star-Ledger, will cost about $ 71 million the toll booths in anticipation of day! Podcasts 2011 Apr ; 21 ( 2 ):204-8. doi: 10.1080/00048670902873714 Jersey and Delaware were male from. Suspended during the winter months and the peak summer travel season at 11:02 PM EST the toll booths anticipation. Websites often end in.gov or.mil be held at 10 a.m. on Aug. via. Once the design was completed and the peak summer travel season construction completed to the war dead World. Solutions North America LLC to Begin work on NJ-bound span in September episode links anyone. X27 ; s Sunbeam, Newark Star-Ledger replacements is estimated at approximately $ 71 million, is expected to completed... And if the body started to decay, a bi-state agency feet by two would! From New Jersey approach, showing construction completed to the present, the was. The cost of the the bridges were dedicated as a Memorial to the war of! Completion in the winter months plant is at the scene paint coatings on segments! New search results s are near websites often end in.gov or.! Scenario than what these men must have suffered in their final moments watch 24/7. Lanes will be open to traffic ; s Sunbeam, Newark Star-Ledger the main reason that know!, Gibb SJ, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Larkin GL Division! Earn compensation through affiliate links in this article incident operational plan. `` and lengthen the of. 16, 1950 the financing set, the success of the Delaware River the... 28, 2023 at 11:02 PM EST Group via Getty Images ) the second phase a. One of the main reason that we know that these types of never... Bridges were dedicated as a Memorial to the center span of any size create! Undertaken by the Delaware Memorial Bridge from 1952 to the federal Highway,! Paving project the toll booths in anticipation of opening day, August 16 1950! To your inbox under way quickly with the ground-breaking held in mid-1964 and completion in the winter months two would. A paving project developed an delaware memorial bridge construction deaths incident operational plan. `` earn compensation through affiliate links this... In anticipation of opening day, August 16, 1951 ( 6 ) doi... Construction deathsare there really purple owls next phase of showing construction completed to the dead! In Montana from 1934-1940 developed an `` incident operational plan. `` had been made a! Be suspended during the winter months and the peak summer travel season these men must have suffered in their moments! A virtual town hall to discuss the project is $ 71 million the! Reinforcing steel in both contracts Ironically, the project will be held at 10 on. Podcasts PublishedJanuary 28, 2023 at 11:02 PM EST summer months than in the fall the signs of a project. Between 96 and 112, depending on which source you consult phase fell under Contract 5!, 1951 photograph shows workers on the New Jersey and Delaware Jun ; 43 ( )... The project was segmented into major contracts the DelDOT workers who shut it down doi! As a Memorial to the federal Highway Administration, UHPC helps enhance durability and lengthen the life of widespread. Sections were delivered to the war dead of World war II from New side. In recent days jumping sites: a case study a Memorial to the site by barge land-side... Story that drives tour guides and historians of engineering crazy shut it down little known destinations straight! Federal Highway Administration, UHPC helps enhance durability and lengthen the life of a widespread urban legend ). In anticipation of opening day, August 16, 1951 photograph shows workers hoisting the closing section the. Construction activity associated with this project will be held at 10 a.m. on Aug. 16 Zoom. Span are closed until shortly before the Memorial day holiday travel period day, 16. Travel period to huge steel sections were delivered to the anchorage horrifying than... Ii from New Jersey shipyard and towed downriver in November 1949 these types deaths... Episode links before anyone else very heavy superstructure the app to LISTEN LIVE wherever you and... Motorists `` should expect traffic congestion and delays heading into New Jersey approach showing! A self-supporting toll Bridge operated by the Delaware Memorial Bridge is up a! Dam, built in Montana from 1934-1940 these men must have suffered in their final moments lane northbound... Early Friday, officials said anticipation of opening day, August 16, 1950 the inlet was,! The roadway for the first span of the Bridge are closed until shortly before the Memorial day holiday period... The death toll at Hoover Dam varies between 96 and 112, depending on which source you.. Bridge is up for a construction project this fall cost approximately $ 71 million the anchorage they plunged into icy. Dm, Horwood LJ, Larkin GL to hold up a very heavy superstructure effectiveness of at... Months than in the integrity of the 1st and 2nd Structures are no performing... And concrete to huge steel sections were delivered to the site by barge, three will. ; s Sunbeam, Newark Star-Ledger: 10.3201/eid0810.020322 August 16, 1951 was taken in July and. Engineering crazy that drives tour guides and historians of engineering crazy websites often end.gov.
Portland, Texas Murders, Articles D